ABSTRACT
Children's engagement with the internet has exploded. From education to social media, companies have offered products and services that-far from being mere distractions for children-have increasingly become necessities. These necessities are most keenly felt in the EdTech world. As companies in the United States rely on the verifiable parental consent required by the Children 's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) to collect and use minors' data, reviewing boilerplate waivers of liability and consent forms for children's online activities has thus become part of parenting. This piece argues that under the common law tradition of protecting the best interests of the child, when it comes to protecting children's digital privacy, relying solely on parental consent is insufficient and ill-suited. This work compares parental consent forms for children's online activities to parental waivers for tort liability for physical injuries suffered by children. In the latter, courts have not reached a consensus on whether such contracts are enforceable or altogether void. However, most courts have struck down such waivers as against public policy in commercial settings. By relying on courts ' decisions regarding the role of parents in protecting the best interests of the child when faced with a child's physical injury, this piece argues that public policy should have to force to override parental consent as it pertains to the protection of a minor's digital privacy and their use of EdTech tools. It thus encourages lawmakers at the federal and state levels to move away from a parental consent apparatus and instead put forward new measures for the protection of children's digital privacy. It further illustrates that, despite COPPA, common law privacy torts are not fully preempted. Adopting the approach proposed in this work will also motivate companies to be more vigilant towards handling minors' data to avoid potential lawsuits. It will further encourage a market for competition between socially responsible companies that would prioritize children's privacy over an endless list of corporate interests.
ABSTRACT
The global pandemic changed many things from the way we do business to how we consume services. This article examines participation in various online activities before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, participant opinions about security and privacy opinions are compared in survey results before and after pandemic lockdowns. Responses to questions covering online activities and perceptions about privacy and security from the NTIA Computer and Internet Use Survey from November 2019 and 2021 were analyzed using Chi Square tests. Findings indicate that participation in online activities increased across most categories and that opinions of online security and privacy changed as well. Participants were less concerned about security risks like identity theft and banking fraud and were more concerned with privacy issues of data tracking by online services and the government.
ABSTRACT
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin online ve yüz yüze psikolojik danışmaya ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemek ve sahip oldukları tutumun çevrimiçi mahremiyet kaygısı ile ilişkisini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Çalışma amacı doğrultusunda Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim görmekte olan toplam 212 (167 kadın, 45 erkek) öğrenciden veri toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Psikolojik Yardım Almaya Ílişkin Tutum Ölçeği-Kısa Form, Online ve Yüz yüze Psikolojik Danışma Tutum Ölçeği, Çevrimiçi Mahremiyet Kaygısı Ölçeği-Çevrimiçi Güven alt boyutu ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Basit Doğrusal Korelasyon kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğrencilerin çevrimiçi mahremiyet ölçeği güven alt boyutu ile online danışmanın rahatsızlığı alt boyutu arasında zayıf düzeyde (r=-.148, p<.01) ve yüz yüze danışmanın değeri alt boyutu arasında zayıf düzeyde (r=-.176, p<.05) pozitif yönlü bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Bir başka deyişle, çevrimiçi mahremiyet kaygısı taşıyan öğrencilerin online danışmadan daha fazla rahatsızlık duyduğu ve yüz yüze danışmayı daha değerli buldukları gözlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, öğrencilerin psikolojik yardım almaya ilişkin tutumları ile online danışma değerine ilişkin tutumları arasında zayıf düzeyde (r=.371, p<.01), yüz yüze danışmanın değerine ilişkin tutumları arasında orta düzeyde (r=.557, p<.01) pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bir başka deyişle psikolojik yardım almaya ilişkin olumlu tutumu olan öğrencilerin hem online danışmanın hem de yüz yüze danışmanın değerine karşı olan tutumları da olumlu yönde olmuştur. Özgünlük: Son yıllarda yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler online etkinliklerin nitelik ve niceliğini arttırmış, Covid- 19 pandemisi ile birlikte ivme kazanmıştır. Daha önceki yıllarda temkinli yaklaşılan bir konu olan online psikolojik danışma uygulamaları bu kez hızla bu gelişmelere ayak uydurmaya başlamıştır. Online psikolojik danışmada gizlilik ve mahremiyeti olumsuz yönde etkileyecek tehditlerin varlığı, bireylerin online psikolojik danışmaya karşı tutumunu etkileyebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, online ve yüz yüze psikolojik danışmaya ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi ve sahip olunan tutumun çevrimiçi mahremiyet kaygısı ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi, üniversitelerde yürütülen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik hizmetleri adına önem arz etmektedir.Alternate :Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of university students towards online and face-to-face counseling and to evaluate the relationship between their attitudes and online privacy concern. Method: Data were collected from a total of 212 (167 female, 45 male) students studying at Bursa Uludaǧ University. Attitude Towards Seeking Psychological Help Scale-Short Form, Online and Face-to-face Counseling Attitude Scale, Online Privacy Concern Scale-Trust sub-dimension and Demographic Information Form were used to collect data. Pearson Correlation were used in the analysis of the data. Findings: According to the findings, a positive correlation was found between the online privacy scale's trust sub-dimension and the online counselor's discomfort sub-dimension (r=-.148, p<.01). Similarly, a positive correlation was found between the online privacy scale's trust sub-dimension and the value of face-to-face counseling (r=-.176, p<.05). In other words, it was observed that students with online privacy concerns were more uncomfortable with online counseling and found face-to-face counseling more valuable. In addition, a positive relationship was found between the attitude towards seeking psychological help and the attitude towards the value of online counseling (r=.371, p<.01). Moreover, a positive relationship was found between the attitude towards seeking psychological help and the attitude towards the v lue of face-to-face counseling (r=.557, p<.01). In other words, students who have a positive attitude towards seeking psychological help also have positive attitudes towards the value of both online and face-to-face counseling. Originality: Technological developments in recent years have increased the quality and quantity of online activities and gained momentum with the Covid-19 pandemic. Online psychological counseling practices, which were a subject that was approached cautiously in previous years, started to keep up with these developments rapidly. The existence of threats that may negatively affect privacy and confidentiality in online counseling can affect individuals' attitudes towards online counseling. In this context, determining the attitudes towards online and face-to-face counseling and evaluating its relation to online privacy concern are important for the counseling services carried out in universities.
ABSTRACT
Although the use of personal data from different contexts is essential to curbing the spread of COVID-19 in epidemic-handling systems (EHSs), it increases the chances of privacy breaches and personal data misuse. This article analyses the data lifecycle and proposes various technical requirements for privacy preservation in EHSs.
ABSTRACT
The United Nations (UN) recognizes Privacy as a human right which entails two aspects - personal data or knowledge and to what extent it can be shared. In this era of universal and virtually free internet access with innumerable apps on various electronic devices, the quantum and significance of information has magnified a lot. One such app is WhatsApp. Much of the information that flows through WhatsAppcontains personal data that can be tapped by companies and hackers for their own monetary benefits. Security of such data is main concern of users. The objective of this paper is to study the awareness of Digitization of data flow in India and its Security Legislations. It also discusses the changes in WhatsApp Privacy Policy and its acceptance by Government of India.